volatile type qualifier

Each individual type in the C type system has several qualified versions of that type, corresponding to one, two, or all three of the const, volatile, and, for pointers to object types, restrict qualifiers. This page describes the effects of the volatile qualifier.

# Example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    clock_t t = clock();
    double d = 0.0;
    for (int n = 0; n < 10000; ++n)
        for (int m = 0; m < 10000; ++m)
            d += d * n * m; // reads from and writes to a non-volatile 
    printf("Modified a non-volatile variable 100m times. "
           "Time used: %.2f seconds\n",
           (double)(clock() - t)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
 
    t = clock();
    volatile double vd = 0.0;
    for (int n = 0; n < 10000; ++n)
        for (int m = 0; m < 10000; ++m) {
            double prod = vd * n * m; // reads from a volatile
            vd += prod; // reads from and writes to a volatile
        } 
    printf("Modified a volatile variable 100m times. "
           "Time used: %.2f seconds\n",
           (double)(clock() - t)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
}

# See also

C++ documentation