Copy assignment operator

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
 
struct A
{
    int n;
    std::string s1;
 
    A() = default;
    A(A const&) = default;
 
    // user-defined copy assignment (copy-and-swap idiom)
    A& operator=(A other)
    {
        std::cout << "copy assignment of A\n";
        std::swap(n, other.n);
        std::swap(s1, other.s1);
        return *this;
    }
};
 
struct B : A
{
    std::string s2;
    // implicitly-defined copy assignment
};
 
struct C
{
    std::unique_ptr<int[]> data;
    std::size_t size;
 
    // user-defined copy assignment (non copy-and-swap idiom)
    // note: copy-and-swap would always reallocate resources
    C& operator=(const C& other)
    {
        if (this != &other) // not a self-assignment
        {
            if (size != other.size) // resource cannot be reused
            {
                data.reset(new int[other.size]);
                size = other.size;
            }
            std::copy(&other.data[0], &other.data[0] + size, &data[0]);
        }
        return *this;
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    A a1, a2;
    std::cout << "a1 = a2 calls ";
    a1 = a2; // user-defined copy assignment
 
    B b1, b2;
    b2.s1 = "foo";
    b2.s2 = "bar";
    std::cout << "b1 = b2 calls ";
    b1 = b2; // implicitly-defined copy assignment
 
    std::cout << "b1.s1 = " << b1.s1 << "; b1.s2 = " << b1.s2 << '\n';
}