Runtime

The runtime domain covers program behavior after build time: execution, failures, resource handling, and observable effects.

# Execution and Flow

• Program support
• Execution library
• Coroutines
• Thread support

# Errors and Diagnostics

• Error handling
• Exceptions
• Error codes and categories
• Assertions and termination

# Time, Scheduling, and Waiting

• Chrono
• Condition variables
• Futures and promises
• Stop tokens

# Memory and Lifetime at Runtime

• Memory management
• Smart pointers
• Allocators
• Object lifetime rules

# I/O and Environment Boundary

• I/O streams
• C-style I/O
• Filesystem
• Text encodings